فصلنامه پژوهش های حفاظتی - امنیتی
پیاپی 37 (بهار 1400)

In the intelligence-security organizations, the categories of making contact, providing and selecting the proper communication tool and securing the security of communications, especially the sensitive communications among assets, agents, liaisons, spotters, sources, informants, agent handlers, customers, corporations, staff and families with the related organization (center) or experts in the all stages of production, preparation, transmission, transfer, receive, extraction, save, distribution or elimination of intelligence is an important issue that ensures the success and survival of that organization. The main purpose of this study is to design a needs assessment model for communication systems in the intelligence-security organizations that has been implemented qualitatively using an approach based on grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed through the Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was done through theoretical method with purposeful technique and snowball and based on that, 19 interviews were conducted with university faculty members and experts working in SAHFAJA (Intelligence protection organization of Iran’s army). The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, pivotal and selective coding process, led to the creation of grounded theory in the field of needs assessment of communication systems in intelligence organizations. The results of the present study show the extraction of up to 170 codes or the initial concepts from the interviews as well as the counting of 100 sub-categories and 26 categories, which placed in the form of a paradigm model including the optimal needs assessment of the required communication systems in the intelligence-security organizations as central category, causal conditions (3 category), contextual factors (10 category), intervening conditions (6 category), strategies (3 cases) and consequences (3 category). Finally, tables including the main operational components and important technical components were presented as a checklist for announcing the needs assessment of communication systems.

Intelligence dominance is one of the fundamental and basic needs and also one of the factors of success in the intelligence-security organizations. This issue has been given serious attention in the biography and tradition of the Infallibles (A.S.). The issue of this article is the model of Imam Sadegh (PBUH) in how to achieve intelligence dominance. Based on this, this fundamental question arises that what were the characteristics and methods of Intelligence dominance of Imam Sadegh (PBUH)? The type of this study is developmental- applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Documentary and library methods have been used in data collection; in this way that through relying on the narrations of Imam Sadegh (PBUH) and the historical study of his biography and tradition, the methods of the intelligence dominance of the Imam have been extracted and analyzed. The findings of the study show that Imam Sadegh (PBUH) puts the intelligence dominance on enemy with defensive method, precise knowledge of the Shiites expanse, dissimulation of information for protecting Shiites and most importantly, taqiyyah (prudence) on his agenda in order to prevent the information leakage and penetration of enemy; and also, for the intelligence dominance on the Abbasid caliphate with offensive method, utilizes penetration into the caliphate system, dominance on the morale and mood of the caliphs, dominance on the spies of the caliphate and the establishment of the system and network of agents.

The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements of security intelligence and rank the improvement strategies of it in the governmental organizations. The present study follows a three-step process. For this purpose, in the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts through theoretical sampling method. Then, with the help of MAXQDA software, the data were analyzed and during open coding, 48 items were identified as basic concepts from the text of the interviews, which were classified into 10 sub-indexes and 2 main indexes. In the quantitative part of the study, in the second stage, the Shannon’s entropy method was used to determine the degree of the importance of the requirements of security intelligence, and in the third stage, the MOBAK method was used to rank the mentioned strategies. The study’s results showed that the specialized requirements of security intelligence, the interactive requirements of security intelligence, the requirements of facing with enemy, the religious and legal requirements, the individual and self-improvement requirements and the requirements of utilization of security intelligence, respectively achieved the highest degree of importance among the requirements of security intelligence. Furthermore, it showed that the improvement of the infrastructure of security intelligence, the improvement of the tactical security intelligence, designing the strategic system of security intelligence and the management of organization’s security thoughts, respectively ranked highest among the improvement strategies of the security intelligence of the governmental organizations.

This study attempts to understand how the IRGC is represented in ISNA and Fars news agency and the analytical news database of Asre Iran and through using the method of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, first all the news related to the IRGC are extracted in a targeted manner in the period of 2019/01/20 to 2011/03/21 and then the analysis units are identified and examined by random sampling. The framework of the analysis method in the qualitative part is based on coding and in the quantitative part is based on news presentation techniques. Regarding the volume of sample units, in the ISNA news agency, the analytical news database of Asre Iran and the Fars news agency, the analysis units of 32, 32 and 77 news respectively were finalized. The results in the qualitative section show that the most important news are the ones that reflect the news about the IRGC and its position in the domain of defense and security; the news reflecting the IRGC’s stand on the political domain; the news reflecting the IRGC’s stand on newsmaking or immoral news and or the malicious and false rumors against the IRGC or the IRGC’s commanders and the news reflecting the news and interviews with commanders about IRGC. Also, in a quantitative analysis, one of the remarkable results was that in the sample of the examined news of ISNA news agency, 62/50 percent of the news did not have the IRGC word in their headlines, while 71/90 percent of the news used this word in their lead. In the analytical news database of Asre Iran, 68/80 percent of news had the IRGC word in their headlines, while 62/50 percent of news did not use this word in their lead. In the Fars news agency, 84/40 percent of news had the word IRGC in their headlines and leads, and using this method has a special importance in presenting news.

In intelligence-security organizations that today, according to the supreme leader of the revolution’s statement, are considered the front line of conflict with the enemies of the Iran’s system, due to the large numbers of colorful conspiracies of enemy for overthrowing the system in the atmosphere of hard war, soft war and information war, revival, development and deepening of jihadist management style is considered necessary. Accordingly, researchers intend to identify strategies for implementing jihadist management in the security organizations of armed forces. This is an applied study that employs mixed method. The statistical population of the study in both qualitative and quantitative sections is selected from the experts in the field of the study, the deputies and managers of the supervision office of the intelligence protection organizations of armed forces and intelligence protection organizations. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers, after studying the study’s literature and analyzing the interviews, prepared a research questionnaire using the content analysis method and distributed it among the statistical population of the study. Analysis of the data obtained through T and Friedman tests indicates that these organizations in order to implement jihadi management at all levels should utilize strategies such as deepening beliefs, paying attention to young personnel and human capital, taking risk, reducing livelihood concerns, creating model, developing teamwork, utilizing science, technology and up-to-date knowledge and identifying the vulnerabilities of the organizational curvatures.

In today’s world, culture directs thoughts and behaviors and regulates relationships among individuals and different groups in society. Culture is the basis of influence in all areas of human biosocial, including the security domain. According to the author, security culture is a culture that determines our approach to security conditions. Security culture is the result of the sociology and social psychology of any nation and is a combination of ideas, narratives, mentalities and beliefs. For determining the role and place of culture in addressing the issue of social phenomena, the author asked the following two questions: What are the functions and approaches of social cultures? And what are the characteristics of Iran’s social culture? In order to answer these questions, the author studied the authentic Persian and English sources using the library method and extracted the necessary information. After studying the background of the study’s topic, literature and theoretical foundations of the study were prepared using the existing sources. In order to validate the findings, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 45 experts acquainted with security and sociological issues of the country as the statistical sample. The general finding of this study is that the characteristics of the country’s security culture can be classified into two stages of “preservation of security” and “management of unrests”. In the first stage, the characteristics of “justice seeking” and “hope for the improvement of situations” and in the second stage, “separation from rioters” and “support of national calls” have a greater impact on the management of unrests. Also, in these two stages, there are some characteristics in common that are very important and among these characteristics, establishing the country’s security culture on “religion” has a decisive position.